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3.1

In promoting CSR public authorities have a range of policy levers to apply. They can act directly to incentivise or encourage particular types of business performance. They can also act as examples, using their own organisational style (eg on recruitment or environmental management) to demonstrate the effectiveness of CSR approaches as is illustrated in Scotland.

Particular examples of direct action include:

• Environmental initiatives: " href="../../document/case/Managing parks for the environment and the community - In natura.pdf" target="_blank">In Natur@ (Innovation and Nature) in Sicily region.
• Social: " href="../../document/case/Employee Volunteering.pdf" target="_blank">Employee Volunteering in North Rhine-Westphalia.
" href="../../document/case/Local business support groups benefit community and company.pdf" target="_blank">Ayrshire Business in the Community in Scotland.
• Strategic aproaches: " href="../../document/case/TRIVISI_Stimulating_CSR_in_Flanders.pdf" target="_blank">TRIVISI Stimulating CSR in Flanders in Flanders.
" href="../../document/case/Promote_Change_in_corporate_culture_BC.pdf" target="_blank">Xertatu in The Basque Country. " href="../../document/case/Fabrica_Ethica.pdf" target="_blank">Fabrica Ethica in Tuscany .

The range of public benefits perceived range from social cohesion to issues such as: integration of business partners in delivery of public policy goals; more competitive companies; more sustainable economic development; and reduced call for regulation.